The Steam Engine and its effects in the Industrial Revolution.

Although steam power did not replace water power in Britain until after the Industrial Revolution, the steam engine and it's technology, was of very importance during the revolution.
Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine(1712) and through developments from James Watt, the steam engine began to be used.
James Watt formed an engine-building and engineering partnership with Matthew Boulton, a manufacturer, in 1775. This partnership that they have made became one of them most important businesses of the Industrial Revolution. They solved technical problems and spread their knowledge to various companies.
The development of the stationary steam engine was essential in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution.







Source: Steam power during the Industrial Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2013. Steam power during the Industrial Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_power_during_the_Industrial_Revolution. [Accessed 05 March 2013].

Josiah Wedgwood

Josiah Wedgwood was born on 12 July 1730 in Burslem, Staffordshire. He was born in a family of potters and his father's death(in 1739) made him start working as a 'thower' in a pottery place.
Wedgwood had improved the ordinary tableware of that day, introducing durable,simple tableware. His new earthenware was christened 'Queen's Ware' after Queen Charlotte, appointed him queen's potter in 1762. Empress Catherine II (Russia) who ordered 952 pieces in 1774.
in 1773, Josiah experimented with baruim sulphate, producing from it jasper. This is used for a ornaments, blending metallic oxides.
In 1783, Wedgewood was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. This was primarily for inventing the pryrometer. This is used to measure oven temperatures. He took great interest in factory organisation, improvement of transport of raw materials and finished wares.








source: BBC - History - Historic Figures: Josiah Wedgwood (1730 - 1795). 2013. BBC - History - Historic Figures: Josiah Wedgwood (1730 - 1795). [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wedgwood_josiah.shtml. [Accessed 05 March 2013].

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Chadwick Gray and Laura Spector

Chadwick Gray and Laura Spector are both artists from Austin,Texas. These artists have found how to incorporate 19th century art with body painting.
To find 19th century artworks, they contacted museums from all over the world, asking them for permission to photograph specific 19th century paintings. According to Peta Pixel, the duo tried to find artworks that haven't been exhibited in the last 50 years or some that were never exhibited at all.
The body paintings would start by projecting the image of the desired artwork onto the model's body, trying different positions until the perfect pose was found. After it is found, Laura spends between 8 to 15 hours in one setting trying to reproduce every detail. The body art would have been painted with special-effects makeup.

some works:







source: Museum Anatomy - Historical Artworks Painted on Human Bodies | Oddity Central - Collecting Oddities. 2013. Museum Anatomy - Historical Artworks Painted on Human Bodies | Oddity Central - Collecting Oddities. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.odditycentral.com/pics/living-art-museum-masterpieces-painted-on-human-bodies.html. [Accessed 05 March 2013].

Francisco Goya

Francisco Goya was a Spanish artist that was very important in 19th and the 20th century. He was born on March 30th 1746, in a village in Northern Spain. At the age of 14, he was an apprentice with Jose Luzan (a local painter) he later went to Italy to study more about art. 
When he returned to Spain, he started painting frescoes for the local cathedral.
His artworks are known for violence, especially those by the French invasion of Spain. 
In 1792, Goya became seriously ill, resulting in permanent deafness. This targeted his imagination more, making him more observant of his surroundings. His paintings became more bold, showing how Goya really saw the world.
From 1795 to 1797, Goya, was a director of painting at the Royal Academy. He was also appointed first Spanish court painter in 1799.
Goya served as court painter to the French between 1808 and 1814, during the Napoleonic invasion and the Spanish war of Independence.
In a series of starkly realistic etching on the war, named The Disasters of War, Goya expressed his feelings towards armed battles. They were not published until 1863. Goya did not see this series get published due to dying in 1828.


 The Naked Maja 


image link: http://www.oceansbridge.com/oil-paintings/product/50786/thenakedmaja

The clothed Maja


image link: http://www.franciscodegoya.net/The-Clothed-Maja-(La-Maja-Vestida).html

Source: Francisco De Goya Biography. 2013. Francisco De Goya Biography. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.franciscodegoya.net/biography.html. [Accessed 04 March 2013].

Caspar David Friedrich

Friedrich was born in Greifswald in northern Germany in 1774. He was a landscape painter as well as a draughtsman. He was also considered a very important painter in his time, which was the time during the nineteenth century German Romantic movement.
His works were mostly about nature, featuring silhouettes against night skies, barren trees and Gothic ruins. His symbolic and anti-classical work seeks to convey the spiritual experiences of life.
Although he was very well known, as Germany evolved from Romanticism to Modernization, his work had become less appreciated. His rediscovery began in 1906 in Berlin, when an exhibition displaying 32 of both his paintings and his sculptures.

Some of his works:



A walk at dusk.



The wanderer above the mists



Rocky Ravine

Source: Caspar David Friedrich, Available at: http://www.caspardavidfriedrich.org/ (Accessed: 2nd March 2013).

Romanticism

Unlike what that name suggests, the word Romanticism has nothing to do with romance. It is more of a philosophical movement created by artists in Western cultures about how they thought of themselves and their surroundings. Romanticism started in the late eighteenth Century,and it is also called the "Age of Revolutions". This being that the American Revolution taking place in 1776 and the French Revolutions taken place in 1789, both played a big part of this Era. Very artistically emotional people could be seen in this era, making it the era of varied thoughts. Artists would paint about natural disasters, death, punishment, war and rebellion, how they see them, making the painting raw and full of emotion.
Artists that involve themselves in the romanticism era were called Romantics. These embraced the unknown such as the human body's mysteries, philosophy and even geographical aspect of the world. In fact, nature was a big aspect in this era, featuring a lot in a lot of art works associated with romanticism.








source: Romanticism, Available at: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/rom.html (Accessed: 2nd March 2013).
IHAS: Artist/Movement/Ideas. 2013. IHAS: Artist/Movement/Ideas. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/ihas/icon/romanticism.html. [Accessed 13 May 2013].